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Arthritis Rheumatoid Articles & Analysis: Older
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When it comes to the fascinating world of proteins, some names like collagen or hemoglobin might ring a bell. But what about tenascin-C, more commonly known as TNC protein? This often-overlooked molecule plays a vital, if subtle, role in how our cells talk to each other. Let's delve into the remarkable story of TNC protein and why it deserves more of the spotlight. What is TNC Protein? Before ...
The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has completely transformed the field of medicine, providing targeted antidotes against a wide range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. These therapeutic antibodies aim to specifically target antigens on the surface of cells and bind to them, leading to acidic reactions that result in the destruction of target cells. ...
What is a Nanobody?Nanobodies are the smallest functional single-domain antibodies known to be able to stably bind to antigens, and have unique structural and functional advantages. The molecular weight of nanobodies is only 12-15 kDa, which retains the antigen binding ability of traditional antibodies. However, nanobodies have higher solubility and stability, and have unique advantages in ...
Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of synovial joints. Anticitrullinated protein autoantibodies are detected by the CCP test in early disease and predict the development of erosive disease as well as extraarticular manifestations. We recently reported that many RA patients have anti-citrullinated albumin (ACA) ...
What is CD19 Understanding CD19: Definition and Role in the Immune System CD19, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 19, is a cell surface protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It serves as a crucial marker for B cells, playing a pivotal role in the human immune system. While predominantly found on the surface of B cells, CD19 is rarely expressed on other immune cells. Its ...
What is Cocklebur? Xanthium strumarium is a flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is an annual herb known for its rough, oval spines covered in hooked spines. These burrs easily attach to clothing, fur, and feathers, allowing the plant's seeds to disperse over long distances. It is considered a noxious weed in some areas due to its toxicity and impact on agriculture. The seeds ...
The MMP Family Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes belonging to the metzincin superfamily. There are 23 different types of secreted or membrane-anchored endopeptidases in the human body. MMPs are capable of degrading ECM proteins such as collagen, gelatin, laminin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin, and proteoglycans. They were once considered regulators of the extracellular ...
Autoimmune disease target - IL-17 Family IL-17 plays an important role in promoting autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Currently, five large-molecule biopharmaceuticals targeting IL-17/IL-17R are available worldwide, including four IL-17 monoclonal antibodies and one IL-17RA monoclonal antibody, namely Secukinumab(Novartis), Ixekizumab(Eli ...
Introduction to IL-36 Family Twenty years ago, Interleukin 36 (IL-36) was discovered as a member of the IL-1 superfamily. Its gene is located on chromosome 2 in an IL gene cluster, including IL1A - IL1B - IL37 - IL36G - IL36A - IL36B - IL36RN - IL38 - IL1RN, with IL-36 encoding genes transcribed far away from the centromere. There are four known subtypes of IL-36, which have been renamed multiple ...
The aim of this project is to develop low dose IL-2 for treatment of early onset juvenile Type I diabetes. Low dose injectable IL-2 in animal models has been shown to restore the balance between regulatory and effector T cells and, in this way, can help to reverse autoimmunity and the development of type I diabetes. Looking ahead, we anticipate that having a suitable oral formulation of IL-2 to ...
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that facilitate cellular intake and uptake of molecules ranging from nano-size particles to small chemical compounds to large fragments of DNA. As a versatile peptide, CPP has been widely used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. 1. Oligo and siRNA Transport As an important means for targeted therapy of specific genes, oligonucleotides ...
Introduction to HLA Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a 3.6 Mb segment on the short arm of chromosome 6 that contains over 200 genes. It is also known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and it is the most polymorphic region in the human genome, involving diverse immune reactions. HLA is divided into HLA-class I (corresponding to MHC class I) and HLA-class II (corresponding to MHC class ...
On March 19, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) announced that its dual immunotherapy combination Opdualag had received accelerated marketing approval from the FDA. Opdualag therapy is a fixed-dose combination of Relatlimab (anti-LAG3) and Nivolumab (anti-PD1) for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, making LAG-3 the third ...
Silence Therapeutics, a pioneer in the development of novel small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics, and Mallinckrodt plc, a global biopharmaceutical company, announced the submission of a clinical trial application (CTA) for SLN501, a siRNA therapy targeting the complement C3 protein, on March 23, 2022. Silence will receive a $3 million milestone payment from Mallinckrodt as a result of the ...
San Jose-based Rani Therapeutics reported its fourth quarter and full-year 2021 financial results, as well as several corporate updates. The company hit major milestones this year, including the recent launch of the RaniPill High Capacity, which opens doors for significant developments in biosimilars. Rani has been on the radar of major life science investors for years. The company caught ...
Genetics (i.e., mutations) are considered to be the main factor predisposing to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but they account for only a few changes in RA disease risk, and in contrast to genetics, the environment may have an important impact on epigenetic properties associated with disease etiology. Recently, in a study published in the journal Scientific Reports entitled ...
It's abnormal, but not uncommon. Having numb fingers while sleeping affects nearly everybody at least some time in their life. But if it happens night after night for a long time, it's something you should address. Numbness, especially at the fingertips, could be a minor problem or it could signal there's a more serious condition underlying the problem. Here are the possibilities. ...
Warning about Compression Gloves for Carpal Tunnel: they can be Harmful! Many hand pain sufferers try wearing compression gloves for carpal tunnel syndrome with hopes of relieving their symptoms. Usually, they feel fine for a day or two after wearing the gloves. But that's due only to the placebo effect. After that, the compression gloves begin making the symptoms even more intense. ...
Some substances can easily interact with the oxygen in the air when exposed to the air, causing chemical changes in the substance. This is the process of oxidation. Sun exposure, air pollution, radiation, etc. will cause the human skin to produce a large amount of superoxide free radicals, and its strong oxidizing ability will accelerate the speed of skin oxidation, and may even cause serious ...
Twelve years ago Jody started getting unexplained pain, swelling and redness in her eyes after having her first child. Shortly after, she was diagnosed with Scleritis¹, a serious eye disease that is often associated with an underlying autoimmune disorder. Fast forward to today, Jody has started taking weekly injections to ease her symptoms. We sat down with Jody to hear ...