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Antibody drugs are a kind of drugs that treat diseases through artificially synthesized antibodies, achieving therapeutic purposes by specifically binding with target molecules. Common types of antibody drugs include monoclonal antibodies, artificially synthesized antibody fragments, immunotoxins, antibody-drug conjugates, etc. Antibody drugs have shown remarkable therapeutic effects in the ...
Collagen is a crucial structural protein, widely presenting in human skin, bones, tendons, ligaments, and other tissues. It's essential for maintaining the structural integrity and function of tissues. The measurement of collagen can help researchers and physicians understand the pathological process of related diseases (such as osteoporosis, arthritis, skin aging etc.), and also aid in drug ...
Collagen is an important structural protein that is widely found in various biological tissues, such as skin, bones, tendons, and blood vessels. Accurate determination of collagen content is very important for biomedical research, disease diagnosis and quality control of related products. Here are some commonly used methods for determining collagen content.ChromatographyHigh-performance liquid ...
Differentially expressed proteins refer to proteins that show significant changes in their expression levels in different biological samples or under different treatment conditions. Observing such differential expression is crucial for understanding cellular physiology and disease mechanisms. For example, some proteins may be upregulated or downregulated in health and disease states, or between ...
Plasma proteomics is an emerging field of science dedicated to the analysis and understanding of the protein composition in the plasma and its functions. Plasma, as one of the most abundant biological fluids in the human body, contains tens of thousands of proteins, reflecting the health status, disease process, and treatment response of the body. Therefore, plasma proteomics holds great ...
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a groundbreaking class of therapeutics that combine the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the potent cytotoxic effects of small-molecule drugs. This synergistic approach allows for targeted delivery of the cytotoxic agent to cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues, thereby reducing side effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. ADC ...
Ubiquitination is a widely present method of protein modification. It manages its designation, activity, stability, and interaction by marking proteins, playing a crucial role in the regulation of cellular functions and biological processes. Therefore, measuring the ubiquitination level of a protein is significant for understanding its function and regulation mechanism. This article mainly ...
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a ribonucleotide sequence that encodes a protein, primarily consisting of five main parts: the 5' end is a cap structure (Cap), the 5' untranslated region (UTR) related to translation efficiency, the open reading frame (ORF) area that encodes a protein, the 3' UTR related to translation efficiency, and the polyA tail synthesized by multiple adenosine monophosphates, which ...
The detection of mRNA capping efficiency is a process used to assess whether the cap structure (usually a 7-methylguanosine triphosphate (m7G) cap) on the 5' end of mRNA molecules has been successfully added. This cap structure is crucial for the stability of the mRNA and its translation efficiency within cells. The 5' cap of mRNA plays several key biological functions: regulating nuclear output, ...
Since antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have the molecular characteristics of both small molecule and macromolecule therapeutic drugs, when choosing analytical methods, the typical ones used for both should all be considered. There are many different molecules in ADCs, and the difference between these molecules lies in the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) value and/or the site where the antibody binds ...
Metabolomics is developing rapidly. In medical science research, it is hoped that analysis to identify abnormal metabolic pathways and characteristic biomarkers closely related to diseases will provide a basis for further elucidation of disease pathogenesis. Metabolomics Research Methods Metabolomics collects samples through established metabolomics research methods, and subsequently uses ...
In the realm of biological sciences, bile acids stand as pivotal molecules, playing a multifaceted role in various physiological processes within organisms. Bile acids are specialized molecules synthesized from cholesterol within the liver. These amphipathic compounds possess a hydrophilic region (carboxylic acid moiety) and a hydrophobic region (steroid backbone). Their distinctive structure ...
Bile acids are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol as a raw material. As a natural "emulsifier", they can promote the dissolution, digestion and absorption of fats, fat-soluble vitamins, etc. Meanwhile, as an important signaling molecule, bile acids can activate the relevant receptors to maintain the homeostasis of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and interact with gut bacteria to ...
Introduction of Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS) Drug target protein identification is an important step in the research and development of new drugs. Drug Affinity Response Target Stability (DARTS) is a technique that can rapidly and directly identify potential target proteins of small molecule drugs. That is, it prevents the target protein from being hydrolyzed by proteases ...
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities produced by host cells and are typically present at low levels in recombinant biopharmaceutical products. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has traditionally been used to monitor the total content of HCP in the production of therapeutic protein drugs. Now, with the continuous improvement and upgrading of technology, liquid ...
Average drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and drug load distribution are two vital properties of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Over the years, several ADC bioanalytical methods have been developed to better estimate these properties for early development and routine quality control applications. In this article, we provide an overview of the most widely used methods for the detailed analysis of DAR ...
In addition to fume hoods, rotary evaporators, and glassware, we are able to use major equipment including a Bruker Avance 300 MHz NMR spectrometer, Agilent 1100 LCMS, preparative HPLC systems, automatic flash chromatography system, hydrogenator, and ozone ...
Ceramides are composed of sphingosine analogs and long-chain fatty acids bound by amide bonds, and are the most important of the sphingolipid compounds. Ceramide is synthesized and secreted by lamellar vesicles, which together with cholesterol (25%) and free fatty acids (15%) constitute the intercellular lipids (ceramide 50%) involved in maintaining the skin barrier function. It also has various ...
What Are Phytochemicals? Phytochemicals are natural compounds that have only been discovered so far and are natural food pigments. The human body is unable to produce them and must obtain them from food. Soy isoflavones in soybeans, lycopene in tomatoes, catechins in green tea, carotenoids in carrots, zeaxanthin, polyphenols, etc., are all phytochemicals. Classification and Functions of Common ...
Vitamin A: Helps body growth and tissue repair, helps with eye health, fights bacteria to avoid infection, protects epithelial tissue health, and promotes bone and tooth development. Vitamin B1: Promotes the metabolism of carbohydrates, maintains a healthy nervous system, stabilizes appetite, stimulates growth and maintains good muscle condition. Vitamin B2: Promotes the metabolism of ...