Natural Killer Cell Articles & Analysis: Older
39 articles found
Cytokines are a diverse group of small protein molecules that play crucial roles in the immune system and various biological processes. They are synthesized and secreted by a range of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as certain non-immune cells like endothelial cells, epidermal cells, and fibroblasts. Cytokines are produced ...
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What are Adjuvants? Adjuvants, also known as immunomodulators or immune enhancers, are an additive to vaccines. Adjuvants are non-specific immune enhancers that enhance or alter the type of immune response to an antigen. Adjuvants can help antigens induce long-term effective specific immune responses in vivo, leading to higher vaccine efficacy and prolonged protection from immune responses. ...
In the field of medicine, effectively delivering drugs to the target site in the body is crucial for successful treatment. Over the years, several innovative drug delivery systems have been developed to improve drug efficacy and patient outcomes. In this article, we will discuss four novel drug delivery systems that have shown promising results in recent research. These systems include ...
What is CD73? CD73, also known as ecto-5′-nucleotidase, is a groundbreaking immunoinhibitory protein that assumes a pivotal role in tumor growth and metastasis. Its primary function revolves around converting extracellular ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine, working in tandem with CD39 within normal tissues to curtail excessive immune reactions. However, this mechanism is often hijacked ...
Relationship Between Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Immunity is an act of self-protection of the body. The immune response is divided into specific and non-specific. The antigen and antibody responses are generally referred to as specific immune responses, which require the participation of B cells and T cells. Other immune cells such as macrophages and NK cells mediate non-specific immune ...
Cytokines, small molecules with potent biological activity, are primarily synthesized by immune and non-immune cells (e.g., vascular endothelial cells, epidermal cells, fibroblasts) in response to stimulation. These signaling molecules form intricate networks that contribute to immune responses, inflammatory reactions, cell proliferation, and growth. Cytokine Dysregulation in Systemic Immune ...
Cytokines represent a class of small protein molecules that exhibit diverse biological activities. These molecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by immune cells (including monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and NK cells) as well as certain non-immune cells (such as endothelial cells, epidermal cells, and fibroblasts) upon specific stimulation. Cytokines play pivotal roles in ...
About Tumor Suppressor Genes A tumor suppressor gene, also known as anti-onco gene, is an essential component of the body's defense against cancer. It usually facilitates apoptosis. With its absence, the human body will be functioning without its “brake” of cell proliferation. Cells are potent to go under abnormal growth processes and finally lead to tumor/cancer. Here are some key ...
Autoimmune disease target - IL-17 Family IL-17 plays an important role in promoting autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Currently, five large-molecule biopharmaceuticals targeting IL-17/IL-17R are available worldwide, including four IL-17 monoclonal antibodies and one IL-17RA monoclonal antibody, namely Secukinumab(Novartis), Ixekizumab(Eli ...
Recently, in the renowned academic journal Nature Medicine, the Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University published Phase 2 clinical results regarding enoblituzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting B7-H3, for the treatment of prostate cancer. The results demonstrate that enoblituzumab can successfully induce the body's anti-cancer activity, showing favorable therapeutic efficacy and safety ...
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15kDa secretory protein with a 4-alpha-helical bundle structure. As a T-cell related growth factor, IL-2 can enhance the killing activity of NK cells and promote B cells to produce immunoglobulins. In addition, it aids in the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby producing peripheral T cell immune tolerance, as well as regulating the proliferation and ...
In the search for innovative and effective ways to target cancer, we are faced with more than just a challenging problem; we are faced with our own cells as opponents. Cancer cells evolve to achieve an optimum of physical fitness, giving them an array of abilities that no cell should possess in a healthy organism. One way to find novel therapies against cancer therefore could imply finding a ...
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) usually consist of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) covalently linked to cytotoxic drugs via chemical linkers. With high specific targeting ability and strong killing effect, it has achieved precise and efficient removal of cancer cells, and has become one of the hot spots in the development of anticancer drugs. In 2000, the FDA first approved the ADC drug Mylotarg ...
Structure and function of mesothelin The MSLN gene is located in chromosome 16p13. It contains 17 exons, with a cDNA length of about 2138bp, has a 1884-bp open reading frame, and encodes the precursor protein of 628 amino acids (69 kDa). This precursor protein can be hydrolyzed by furin protease into two parts: mesothelin in the size of 40 kDa fragments and 31 kDa secreted fragments called ...
Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as a new tool for cell therapy of cancer. However, some cancer subtypes are relatively resistant to NK cell cytotoxicity. Expression of anti-CD19 chimeric signaling receptors can enhance NK-cell reactivity against CD19+ leukemia and lymphoma cells. Here we describe a method to enforce expression of such receptors in human NK cells relying on ...
Cytokines-mediated signaling is a primary way of immune system communication. The common gamma-chain family of cytokines is a set of six cytokines that signal through the common cytokine γ chain receptor (γc/CD132/IL2RG). These cytokines include IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. Besides the IL-2RG receptor subunit, the γc family cytokine receptors include IL-2RB ...
The advent of immunotherapies for cancer, and more recently of cellular immunotherapies, has substantially altered the treatment landscape. In hematological malignancies, complete response rates to CAR-T cells can exceed 80%. These responses are often durable in nature and have attracted considerable excitement and investment in the development of cell therapies for an expanded range of ...
Cytokines are small soluble proteins that are secreted by immune cells and tissue cells to play a regulatory role between cells, including interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL), chemokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSF), tumor necrosis factors (TNF) and so on. Cytokines function in autocrine, paracrine or endocrine forms, and can regulate cell growth and differentiation, modulate immune response ...
AFM13 is a first-in-class tetravalent, bispecific NK cell engager that binds to CD30 on tumor cells and CD16A on NK cells. By engaging CD16-positive NK cells, AFM13 leads to NK cell-mediated killing of tumor cells.1 Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) is approved in patients with R/R classical Hodgkin lymphoma as monotherapy. AFM13 showed single agent clinical activity with solid safety profile in a ...