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A549-Dual cells are adherent epithelial cells that have been derived from the human A549 lung carcinoma cell line by stable integration of two inducible reporter constructs. The A549 cell line is a well-characterized cellular model for asthma, allergies and respiratory infections.

2-aminopurine (2-AP) is a potent inhibitor of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR), a critical mediator of apoptosis. PKR is phosphorylated and activated by dsRNA and poly(I:C) [1] and contributes to the induction of type I interferons, such as IFN-β, which can further increase its expression [2]. PKR plays also a role in TLR-induced antiviral activities as an intermediary in TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 signaling [3].