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Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of endopeptidases. Collectively, MMPs can degrade all kinds of extracellular matrix proteins, and can also process a number of bioactive molecules. They are known to be involved in the cleavage of cell surface receptors, the release of apoptotic ligands, and chemokine/cytokine inactivation. MMPs are also thought to play a major role in cell behaviors such as cell proliferation, migration (adhesion/dispersion), differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and host defense. This substrate is hydrolyzed rapidly by MMP-13, but slowly by MMP-1, 2, 3, 8, 9 and 12, Abs/Em = 494/521 nm.

α-Synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies in the affected neurons in Parkinson`s disease. This protein has a mass of 14.5 kDa (140 amino acids long) and consists of a conserved degenerative amino-terminal domain and an acidic carboxyl-terminal with higher sequence divergence. α-Synuclein is predominantly expressed in brain, specifically in cerebellum, thalamus, neocortex, hippocampus, and striatum regions. Other tissues express α-Synuclein at very low levels. The physiological role of α-synuclein is not yet well understood. However, the presence of imperfect KTKEGV lipid interacting repeats suggests that it may be involved in synaptic vesicle homeostasis.