Protheragen articles

Rare diseases, also known as orphan diseases, affect a small percentage of the population, making them particularly challenging to diagnose and treat. However, thanks to advancements in medical research and technology, significant progress has been made in the field of rare disease research, from developing accurate diagnostic tools to making effective small-molecule drugs.

One of the biggest hurdles in treating rare diseases is accurately diagnosing them. Many of these c

Stroke, also known as transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident, is an acute brain disease. Usually, a sudden rupture of a blood vessel in the brain or a blockage of a blood vessel that prevents blood from flowing to the brain can cause damage to brain tissue, resulting in a stroke.

Long-term strokes can lead to brain damage, disability and even death. The brain serves as a high-level nerve center that controls many aspects of the body, including sensation, co

Karyotype analysis refers to the pairing and grouping of chromosomes to reveal whether the organism accords with the inherent chromosomal characteristics, to determine if the organism has chromosomal abnormalities. Karyotype analysis can detect whether there are abnormalities in chromatin length, centromere position, the ratio of long and short arms, and the presence or absence of satellites. Many rare diseases have obvious manifestations of chromosom

Rare diseases are characterized by their low prevalence, affecting a small number of people across the world. These diseases often come with significant challenges, including accurate diagnosis, availability of effective treatments, and limited resources for research and development. However, recent advancements in diagnostics technology hold promise for speeding up the field of rare disease therapies.

The Hargreaves test is one of the classic experiments used to detect thermal pain responses in rodents. The test is commonly used to quantify the thermal threshold to radiation or infrared thermal stimulation in the hind paw of mice and rats.

In the Hargreaves test, a radiant or infrared heat source is usually placed underneath the rodent and aimed at the plantar surface of the rodent's hind paw