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The activated or energized protoporphyrin molecule can also pass on its energy to oxygen molecules in the cell, creating a very short-lived toxic form of oxygen termed a “reactive oxygen species,” which can oxidize adjacent membrane or protein molecules and cause cell death immediately or turn on a process of programmed cell death, termed apoptosis. When light + ALA is used to treat cancers or pre-cancers, this process is called ALA photodynamic therapy or ALA PDT

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients face a dismal prognosis, with recurrence virtually inevitable. RGBM has no currently effective means of treatment.