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AROTEC - Model ATL04 -Liver Cytosol Antigen 1 (LC-1)
LC-1 is a marker for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) type II and antibodies against LC-1 are found to be detected in up to 50% of cases. Immunofluorescence of LC-1 is often not identified due to the brightness of LKM-1 obscuring accurate visualisation. Some occurrences of anti-LC-1 in conjunction with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) in patients with chronic hepatitis C and autoimmune hepatitis, is known. Some case studies have shown that anti-LC-1 is found as the only serological marker in patients with AIH type II.
The antigen recognised by LC-1 antibodies has been identified as formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD). FTCD is a bifunctional enzyme which consists of 8 identical molecular subunits of 60 kDa each arranged in a circular tetramer of dimers. FTCD catalyses two independent but sequential reactions in the histidine degradation pathway in the mammalian liver. Each subunit consists of an N-terminal transferase active domain and a C-terminal deaminase active domain. The dimers are responsible for the separate activities of both the transferase and deaminase activity.