Feature Signature Discovery for Autism Detection: An Automated Machine Learning Based Feature Ranking Framework - Case Study

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is the most used umbrella term for a myriad of neuro-degenerative/developmental conditions typified by inappropriate social behavior, lack of communication/comprehension skills, and restricted mental and emotional maturity. The intriguing factor of this disorder is attributed to the fact that it can be detected only by close monitoring of developmental milestones after childbirth. Moreover, the exact causes for the occurrence of this neurodevelopmental condition are still unknown. Besides, autism is prevalent across individuals irrespective of ethnicity, genetic/familial history, and economic/educational background. Although research suggests that autism is genetic in nature and early detection of this disorder can greatly enhance the independent lifestyle and societal adaptability of affected individuals, there is still a great dearth of information to support the statement of proven facts and figures. This research work places emphasis on the application of automated machine learning incorporated with feature ranking techniques to generate significant feature signatures for the early detection of autism. Publicly available datasets based on the Q-chat scores of individuals across diverse age groups—toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults have been employed in this study. A machine learning framework based on automated hyperparameter optimization is proposed in this work to rank the potential nonclinical markers for autism. Moreover, this study aimed at ranking the AutoML models based on Mathew’s correlation coefficient and balanced accuracy via which nonclinical markers were identified from these datasets. Besides, the feature signatures and their significance in distinguishing between classes are being reported for the first time in autism detection.