Mitochondrial Function Articles & Analysis
8 articles found
Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA molecules include methylation, acetylation deamination, isomerization, glycosylation, thiolation and pseudouracil modification among other types. Methylation represents the predominant post-transcriptional modification found within transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. tRNA methylation has maintained its evolutionary conservation while also exhibiting dynamic ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form (NADH) are essential coenzymes involved in a wide array of cellular metabolic processes. As critical mediators in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, NAD/NADH plays a pivotal role in energy production and cellular metabolism. Understanding and analyzing these biomolecules has become increasingly important in areas such as disease ...
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with bilayer membranes. Mitochondria have multiple functions, not only providing energy to cells through oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP, but also involved in regulating processes such as calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cellular stress response and cell death. Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cellular health ...
Ceramides are composed of sphingosine analogs and long-chain fatty acids bound by amide bonds, and are the most important of the sphingolipid compounds. Ceramide is synthesized and secreted by lamellar vesicles, which together with cholesterol (25%) and free fatty acids (15%) constitute the intercellular lipids (ceramide 50%) involved in maintaining the skin barrier function. It also has various ...
Mitochondria are important organelles of eukaryotic cells and play a key role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism, biosynthesis and cell death (including apoptosis and programmed cell necrosis). In addition, mitochondria are involved in important physiological processes such as tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation, and regulation of calcium ion homeostasis. ...
Lipids are a class of metabolites with diverse chemical structures. More than just components of cell membranes and energy storage substances, lipids can perform a variety of important biological functions in life activities. The structural diversity of lipids endows them with a variety of important biological functions: (1) they constitute an important component of the cell membrane. Many ...
Bisphenol A acts as an endocrine disruptor, affects animal reproductive success in vivo, and affects sperm functions in vitro at environmentally relevant concentrations leading to reduction in sperm motility and fertilizing ability in fish. The effect of in vitro BPA on avian sperm functions has not been explored. We tested the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA (0, 0.18, ...
We describe phylogenetic and functional studies of three septins in the free-living ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Both deletion and overproduction of septins led to vacuolization of mitochondria, destabilization of the nuclear envelope, and increased autophagy. All three green fluorescent protein-tagged septins localized to mitochondria. Specific septins localized to the outer mitochondrial ...