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Arthritis Articles & Analysis
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Chemokines and their receptors form one of the most intricate signaling networks in immunology. Among them, CCR1 (C-C chemokine receptor type 1) has attracted attention for its dual role as both a guardian of host defense and a potential driver of chronic inflammation and cancer progression. For researchers, CCR1 is more than a seven-transmembrane G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR)—it ...
Tissue cross-reactivity studies play an essential role in the understanding of immune responses, particularly in the context of autoimmunity, transplant rejection, and vaccine development. These studies aim to identify whether antibodies or T cells generated against a particular antigen react with similar proteins found in different tissues, which can lead to unintended effects and complications. ...
Understanding the immune system is fundamental to advancing biomedical research, especially in areas such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Mouse models play a pivotal role in this field, as their immune system shares many similarities with that of humans. A key aspect of studying the immune system involves analyzing cytokines, chemokines, and growth ...
Serrapeptase, also known as serratiopeptidase, is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the intestines of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. It has gained considerable interest in both the medical and wellness communities for its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in promoting pain relief, reducing inflammation, and aiding tissue healing. Understanding serrapeptase and its applications can shed ...
Collagen is a crucial structural protein, widely presenting in human skin, bones, tendons, ligaments, and other tissues. It's essential for maintaining the structural integrity and function of tissues. The measurement of collagen can help researchers and physicians understand the pathological process of related diseases (such as osteoporosis, arthritis, skin aging etc.), and also aid in drug ...
When it comes to the fascinating world of proteins, some names like collagen or hemoglobin might ring a bell. But what about tenascin-C, more commonly known as TNC protein? This often-overlooked molecule plays a vital, if subtle, role in how our cells talk to each other. Let's delve into the remarkable story of TNC protein and why it deserves more of the spotlight. What is TNC Protein? Before ...
The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has completely transformed the field of medicine, providing targeted antidotes against a wide range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. These therapeutic antibodies aim to specifically target antigens on the surface of cells and bind to them, leading to acidic reactions that result in the destruction of target cells. ...
The Hargreaves test is one of the classic experiments used to detect thermal pain responses in rodents. The test is commonly used to quantify the thermal threshold to radiation or infrared thermal stimulation in the hind paw of mice and rats. In the Hargreaves test, a radiant or infrared heat source is usually placed underneath the rodent and aimed at the plantar surface of the rodent's hind ...
Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of synovial joints. Anticitrullinated protein autoantibodies are detected by the CCP test in early disease and predict the development of erosive disease as well as extraarticular manifestations. We recently reported that many RA patients have anti-citrullinated albumin (ACA) ...
What is CD19 Understanding CD19: Definition and Role in the Immune System CD19, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 19, is a cell surface protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It serves as a crucial marker for B cells, playing a pivotal role in the human immune system. While predominantly found on the surface of B cells, CD19 is rarely expressed on other immune cells. Its ...
What is Cocklebur? Xanthium strumarium is a flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is an annual herb known for its rough, oval spines covered in hooked spines. These burrs easily attach to clothing, fur, and feathers, allowing the plant's seeds to disperse over long distances. It is considered a noxious weed in some areas due to its toxicity and impact on agriculture. The seeds ...
Autoimmune disease target - IL-17 Family IL-17 plays an important role in promoting autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Currently, five large-molecule biopharmaceuticals targeting IL-17/IL-17R are available worldwide, including four IL-17 monoclonal antibodies and one IL-17RA monoclonal antibody, namely Secukinumab(Novartis), Ixekizumab(Eli ...
The MMP Family Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes belonging to the metzincin superfamily. There are 23 different types of secreted or membrane-anchored endopeptidases in the human body. MMPs are capable of degrading ECM proteins such as collagen, gelatin, laminin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin, and proteoglycans. They were once considered regulators of the extracellular ...
Introduction to IL-36 Family Twenty years ago, Interleukin 36 (IL-36) was discovered as a member of the IL-1 superfamily. Its gene is located on chromosome 2 in an IL gene cluster, including IL1A - IL1B - IL37 - IL36G - IL36A - IL36B - IL36RN - IL38 - IL1RN, with IL-36 encoding genes transcribed far away from the centromere. There are four known subtypes of IL-36, which have been renamed multiple ...
Inflammation is a series of complex response events produced by the host system to pathogen infection and various tissue injuries. When the inflammatory response continues, it enters the stage of "uncontrollable inflammation", which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of complex diseases such as tumors. Therefore, the key molecular events in the process of ...
Pain at Work Brian is a 55-year-old Maintenance Tech at a leading food processing company. With over 20 years of chronic knee pain, it was difficult to do his job. All of the climbing, kneeling, lifting, and squatting needed to do his job was aggravating his knee pain. As a result, he resorted to working in awkward positions to try and avoid pain. Brian’s doctor told him he had arthritis in ...
The aim of this project is to develop low dose IL-2 for treatment of early onset juvenile Type I diabetes. Low dose injectable IL-2 in animal models has been shown to restore the balance between regulatory and effector T cells and, in this way, can help to reverse autoimmunity and the development of type I diabetes. Looking ahead, we anticipate that having a suitable oral formulation of IL-2 to ...
Medical History A 55-year-old white male has degenerative arthritis of the knees. 10 months ago, the patient underwent total knee replacement on the left knee without complication. The surgical incisions had closed without signs of surgical site infection. At the time, he made a good recovery. He is fully functional and fully independent. Patient is a chain smoker with a wife and two children. He ...
Some patients go to great lengths to ensure they receive the best treatment for an injury — even if it requires traveling to the opposite side of the country. That was the case with Phoebe Anderson, a collegiate athlete at the University of California at Berkeley who suffered an ACL tear while playing rugby. Twenty-year old Phoebe and her mother, Larissa, learned about the BEAR® ...
Treatment for shoulder pain Gabi Zeilig, MD, Dept of Neurological Rehabilitation The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Purpose of the study: to test the efficacy of the TerraQuant medical device on shoulder pain resulting from inflammation (OA, Tendonitis, Bursitis). Background: TerraQuant is a unique device which combines low level pulse laser therapy (LLLT), pulsating ...