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Innate Immunity Articles & Analysis
32 articles found
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in human blood and central to innate immunity, employing mechanisms such as NET formation to trap and eliminate pathogens.Labeling neutrophils without altering their function has been challenging; many existing methods activate neutrophils, biasing downstream analyses. Bertin Bioreagent’s Myelotracker uses a peptide-based approach that targets ...
ELANE, or neutrophil elastase (NE), is a serine protease stored in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils and is encoded by the ELANE gene on chromosome 19. It plays a pivotal role in the host defense system by degrading bacterial proteins, remodeling extracellular matrices, and shaping inflammatory responses. However, the same proteolytic activity that protects against pathogens can, when ...
Simple Summary The present study investigated possible administration of pectin derived from apple pomace as a beneficial and cost-effective feed additive to be used in trout culture. To achieve the aim, a range of parameters were measured including immune parameters (both at physiological and molecular levels), growth performance and digestive enzyme activity. The results showed promising ...
Ribonucleases (RNases) represent a critical class of enzymes with a principal role in the degradation of RNA, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating gene expression. By cleaving RNA molecules, RNases are integral to numerous biological processes, ranging from RNA maturation to the innate immune response against RNA viruses. In this exploration, we delve into the multifaceted ...
In recent years, mRNA vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary tool in the fight against infectious diseases, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. These vaccines utilize messenger RNA (mRNA) to instruct cells to produce a protein that triggers an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies that protect against the targeted virus. While mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy ...
The Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) protein has emerged as a pivotal player in the intricate web of immunological responses, particularly in the context of inflammatory diseases. Unraveling the mysteries of TREM1 entails delving into its structure, function, and implications in various pathological conditions, shedding light on its potential as a therapeutic target. ...
Asthma, affecting over 300 million individuals globally, remains a significant health concern with a high mortality rate. Despite advancements in treatment, many patients still struggle with symptom control and recurrent attacks. While inflammation has been the focal point of asthma research, a recent study sheds light on a mechanical aspect that could refine our understanding and treatment of ...
What are Adjuvants? Adjuvants, also known as immunomodulators or immune enhancers, are an additive to vaccines. Adjuvants are non-specific immune enhancers that enhance or alter the type of immune response to an antigen. Adjuvants can help antigens induce long-term effective specific immune responses in vivo, leading to higher vaccine efficacy and prolonged protection from immune responses. ...
What are Antimicrobial Peptides? Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring peptide molecules found in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. These peptides play a crucial role in the innate immune system's defense against microbial infections, exhibiting antimicrobial properties that can inhibit the growth or kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even ...
What is CAR T-cell therapy? Car-t cell therapy involves genetically engineering T cells isolated from patients or allogeneic donors to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) that specifically recognize and kill tumor cells. As a "living" drug, CAR-T therapy is very different from traditional drugs. It is a new type of precision targeted therapy for the treatment of tumors. Compared with ...
What is CD19 Understanding CD19: Definition and Role in the Immune System CD19, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 19, is a cell surface protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It serves as a crucial marker for B cells, playing a pivotal role in the human immune system. While predominantly found on the surface of B cells, CD19 is rarely expressed on other immune cells. Its ...
Infectious diseases seriously threaten human health, and various infectious diseases may cause millions of severe cases and even death every year. Vaccination has been one of the most effective public health interventions in history, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. However, the success of vaccines relies not only on the antigens they carry but also on additional components known as ...
Autoimmune disease target - IL-17 Family IL-17 plays an important role in promoting autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Currently, five large-molecule biopharmaceuticals targeting IL-17/IL-17R are available worldwide, including four IL-17 monoclonal antibodies and one IL-17RA monoclonal antibody, namely Secukinumab(Novartis), Ixekizumab(Eli ...
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15kDa secretory protein with a 4-alpha-helical bundle structure. As a T-cell related growth factor, IL-2 can enhance the killing activity of NK cells and promote B cells to produce immunoglobulins. In addition, it aids in the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby producing peripheral T cell immune tolerance, as well as regulating the proliferation and ...
Introduction to IL-36 Family Twenty years ago, Interleukin 36 (IL-36) was discovered as a member of the IL-1 superfamily. Its gene is located on chromosome 2 in an IL gene cluster, including IL1A - IL1B - IL37 - IL36G - IL36A - IL36B - IL36RN - IL38 - IL1RN, with IL-36 encoding genes transcribed far away from the centromere. There are four known subtypes of IL-36, which have been renamed multiple ...
AFM13 is a first-in-class tetravalent, bispecific NK cell engager that binds to CD30 on tumor cells and CD16A on NK cells. By engaging CD16-positive NK cells, AFM13 leads to NK cell-mediated killing of tumor cells.1 Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) is approved in patients with R/R classical Hodgkin lymphoma as monotherapy. AFM13 showed single agent clinical activity with solid safety profile in a ...
Disambiguation The process of stimulating the Vagus Nerve with micropulses of electrical current is referred to in a number of different ways. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) - Typically refers to stimulation of the nerve with a surgically implanted device and electrode. Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS, taVNS, nVNS, LLTS) - Refers to stimulation of the vagus nerve without ...
Immunotherapy, in addition to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, has now become the fourth pillar of anticancer treatment, with T cell-based immunotherapy being a successful cancer treatment technique. T cells can be separated into two subpopulations based on the expression of T-cell receptors (TCRs). αβ T cells, expressing expressing αβ TCR, recognize peptide antigens, such as those ...
The lengthy battle between people and varied bodily, chemical, and organic insults that trigger cell damage (e.g., merchandise of tissue harm, metabolites, and/or infections) have led to the evolution of assorted adaptive responses. These responses are triggered by recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and/or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), normally by cells ...
The maintenance of immune homeostasis involves a synergistic relationship between the host and the microbiome. Canonical interferon (IFN) signaling controls the response to acute microbial infection through the involvement of STAT1 transcription factors. However, the contribution of tonic levels of interferon to immune homeostasis in the absence of acute infection remains largely unexplored. The ...