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Inflammatory Immunological Diseases Articles & Analysis
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Lipids are not merely structural components of cellular membranes—they also act as powerful signaling molecules that orchestrate key physiological processes. Among the enzymes regulating lipid signaling, ENPP2 (Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 2), also known as autotaxin, plays a central role by converting lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into the bioactive lipid ...
Clinical Relevance: From Autoimmunity to Oncology In autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, CCR1 signaling sustains leukocyte infiltration into tissues. Elevated CCR1 expression correlates with disease severity, suggesting it could serve as both biomarker and ...
These chemokines protein allows researchers to study the functional dynamics of chemokine-receptor interactions in controlled environments, facilitating the development of targeted therapies for a range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory conditions. ...
This panel allows researchers to measure a wide range of cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and chemokines like CXCL8 and CCL2, which are critical for understanding inflammatory responses and disease progression. Key Features of the Rat Cytokine and Chemokine Panel Comprehensive Analysis: The panel covers a broad spectrum of cytokines and chemokines, ...
Rabbits are widely used in biomedical research due to their physiological and immunological similarities to humans. They are particularly valuable in studies related to infectious diseases, cardiovascular research, and immunology. ...
Antibody drugs are a kind of drugs that treat diseases through artificially synthesized antibodies, achieving therapeutic purposes by specifically binding with target molecules. Common types of antibody drugs include monoclonal antibodies, artificially synthesized antibody fragments, immunotoxins, antibody-drug conjugates, etc. Antibody drugs have shown remarkable therapeutic effects in the ...
Antibody drugs are a type of drugs that treat diseases through artificially synthesized antibodies, which bind specifically to target molecules for therapeutic purposes. Common types of antibody drugs include monoclonal antibodies, artificially synthesized antibody fragments, immunotoxins, and antibody-drug conjugates, etc. Antibody drugs have shown significant therapeutic effects in the ...
Elastase is a powerful enzyme that plays a critical role in various biological processes, both in physiological and pathological contexts. It belongs to the family of serine proteases, which are enzymes characterized by a unique serine residue in their active site. This enzyme is known for its ability to degrade elastin, a key protein that provides elasticity and resilience to tissues such as ...
Autophagy is an intracellular system that degrades cytosolic proteins and organelles. Autophagy can be divided into three groups: macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA). Macroautophagy is most extensively studied and best known among the three pathways. When macroautophagy is induced, an isolation membrane encloses a portion of cytoplasm, forming a characteristic ...
Drug antibody testing is a laboratory testing method specifically designed to evaluate the immune response of the human body to certain drugs. This test is commonly used to monitor a patient's immune response to biological agents or other drugs, especially in the treatment of chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, and inflammatory diseases. The principle of drug antibody ...
In post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, ubiquitination is considered one of the most critical processes in regulating cellular functions and various diseases. The identification of ubiquitination sites becomes very crucial for understanding the mechanisms of ubiquitination-related biological processes. Experimental and computational methods can be used to identify ubiquitination ...
Nanobodies, also known as single-domain antibodies, have gained much attention in recent years due to their potential in various biomedical applications including drug delivery systems. Nanobodies are small antibody fragments derived from naturally occurring heavy-chain antibodies found in camelids, such as camels and llamas. They are composed of a single monomeric variable domain, making them ...
IL-2 also causes high expression of forkheadbox transcription factor P3 (FoxP3) in Treg cells. IL-35 is a new anti-inflammatory factor secreted by Treg cells after IL-10 and TGF-ß, which has stronger immunological functions than IL-10 and TGF-ß. ...
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a rapidly developing field within pharmaceutical biotechnology. ADCs are complex molecules composed of an antibody linked to a biologically active cytotoxic or radioactive compound. They combine the specificity of antibodies, which enables specific target cell binding, and the cell-killing activity of cytotoxic drugs, providing a method of delivering ...
The Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) protein has emerged as a pivotal player in the intricate web of immunological responses, particularly in the context of inflammatory diseases. ...
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are a novel approach for degrading target proteins. Recently, a new split-and-mix PROTAC (SM-PROTAC) system based on liposome self-assembly, known as LipoSM-PROTAC, was reported in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The LipoSM-PROTAC system exhibits selective degradation of target proteins, with folate serving as a key ligand. In this study, the ...
Imagine tiny spheres, smaller than a red blood cell, glowing as they navigate the labyrinthine corridors of the human body. These aren't fireflies, they're fluorescent liposomes, a cutting-edge tool in the world of drug delivery and biomedical research. What are liposomes? Liposomes are microscopic bubbles made from phospholipids, the same fatty molecules that make up cell membranes. These ...
In the vibrant realm of cellular biology and regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold unparalleled potential for therapeutic applications. Particularly noteworthy are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), a subtype of MSCs. Their unique properties make them indispensable resources for developing ground-breaking solutions for various medical conditions. Mesenchymal stem ...
Classes of Cell-Penetrating Peptides There are many types of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), and their classification is based on physicochemical properties, sources, intake mechanisms, and biomedical applications. There is no unified conclusion yet. According to their physical and chemical properties, CPPs can be divided into three types: cationic, amphiphilic and hydrophobic, among which ...
The MMP Family Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes belonging to the metzincin superfamily. There are 23 different types of secreted or membrane-anchored endopeptidases in the human body. MMPs are capable of degrading ECM proteins such as collagen, gelatin, laminin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin, and proteoglycans. They were once considered regulators of the extracellular ...