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Efavirenz

MCE China：Efavirenz

Brand：MedChemExpress (MCE)

Cat. No.HY-10572

CAS：154598-52-4

Synonyms：DMP 266; EFV; L-743726

Purity：99.93%

Storage：Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month

Shipping：Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Description：Efavirenz (DMP 266) is a potent inhibitor of the wild-type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with a Ki of 2.93 nM and exhibits an IC95 of 1.5 nM for the inhibition of HIV-1 replicative spread in cell culture.

In Vitro：Efavirenz (L-743726) is found to be capable of inhibiting, with 95% inhibitory concentrations of ≤ 1.5μM, a panel of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs)-resistant mutant viruses, each of which expresses a single RT amino acid substitution. Efavirenz is also tested for its activity against a variety of polymerase enzymes and is found to be inactive (IC50>300μM). Efavirenz effectively inhibits several wild-type T-lymphoid cell line-adapted variants. Identical activity (IC95, 1.5 to 3.0 nM) is seen with wild-type primary isolates of the virus in both primary lymphoid and monocytoid cell cultures. Efavirenz also effectively inhibits HIV-1 variants that expressed RT amino acid substitutions which confer the loss of susceptibility to other NNRTIs. For purposes of comparison[1]. Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with IC50 of 60 nM[2]. Efavirenz inhibits synthesis using an RNA PPT-primed substrate with an IC50 of 17 nM[3].

In Vivo：After i.v. administration, Efavirenz (L-743726) is cleared rapidly from rats, but it is cleared considerably more slowly from monkeys. The large volume of distribution (two to four times the amount of body water) in both species indicates extensive tissue binding. The oral bioavailability in rats is 16%. In monkeys, the half-life of Efavirenz after administration of a 1 mg/kg i.v. dose exceeded 2.5 h. Efavirenz is well absorbed orally. Administration to monkeys of oral doses as fine suspensions in 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose yields consistently high levels in plasma. A 2.0 mg/kg dose produces peak levels of 0.5μM at approximately 3.0 h. The absolute bioavailability is estimated to be 42%. A 10 mg/kg dose yields a peak level in plasma of 3.22 μM. A 10 mg/kg oral dose given to a single chimpanzee gave concentrations in plasma of 4.12, 2.95, and 2.69 μM at 2, 8, and 24 h after dosing, respectively[1].

Animal Administration：Mice[1] Studies are performed in rats, rhesus monkeys, and a single chimpanzee. For analyses of the drug given to rats intravenously (i.v.), a group (n=4 or 5) of fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 250 to 450 g) receive a bolus (at a volume of 1mL/kg of body weight) of Efavirenz in DMSO via a cannula implanted in the right jugular vein. For oral studies, rats are dosed by gavage by using a suspension of Efavirenz prepared in 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose. Similarly, four monkeys receive either an i.v. bolus of the compound in DMSO via the saphenous vein at a volume of 0.1 mL/kg or are administered the compound orally in suspension by using a nasogastric tube. Monkeys are fasted for 18 h prior to dosing. One nonanesthetized, nonfasted male chimpanzee (weight, approximately 60 kg) is dosed orally by voluntary ingestion by using an aqueous suspension of the compound. In all studies, heparinized blood is obtained at appropriate times. Plasma is separated immediately by centrifugation and is stored at -20°C until analysis. Plasma samples are extracted with methylene chloride; this is followed by analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.

IC50 & Target：HIV-1

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References：

[1]. Young SD, et al. L-743, 726 (DMP-266): a novel, highly potent nonnucleoside inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Dec;39(12):2602-5.  [Content Brief]

[2]. Held DM, et al. Differential susceptibility of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase to inhibition by RNA aptamers in enzymatic reactions monitoring specific steps during genome replication. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 1;281(35):25712-22.  [Content Brief]

[3]. Grobler JA, et al. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase plus-strand initiation exhibits preferential sensitivity to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in vitro. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 16;282(11):8005-10.  [Content Brief]