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Model FABION - 3D Bioprinter
FABION is the first Russian-made 3D bioprinter of original design and make for printing live and functional tissue and/or organ constructs, allowing precise layer-by-layer deployment of tissue spheroids (bioink) in hydrogel (biopaper) according to a programmed digital model. Thanks to the unique design and engineering solutions developed by the 3D Bioprinting Solutions Laboratory, FABION is a truly universal bioprinter.
Bioprinter applies a layer of hydrogel (biopaper) in which tissue spheroids (bioink) are accommodated. The procedure is repeated as programmed to form layers, which may differ from each other, until the final layer is printed. This procedure allows creating a construct with a complex structure.
The main function of biodegradable hydrogels (biopaper) is holding spheroids at certain spacial locations and to serve as a nutritional environment for cells.
Tissue spheroids (bioink) is the key element of the 3D bioprinting process. Tissue spheroids are building blocks used for the fabrication of 3D tissues and organs. Tissue spheroids have a lot of remarkable properties, the most important one for bioprinting being their intrinsic ability of self-aggregation or self-assembly in the process of tissue concrescence governed by the surface tension force. In other words, tissue spheroids can launch tissue concrescence process. The natural phenomenon of tissue spheroid fusion provides a foundation for robotic biofabrication of organ and tissue constructs with a bioprinter.
Unique softwareThe software used for controlling bioprinting process allows using different number of nozzles and in different configurations.
The bioprinter was designed taking into account all known limitations of existing bioprinting technologies and currently is the best universal and multifunctional bioprinter in the world.In 2015, 3ders.org http://www.3ders.org/articles/20151109-3ders-monday-warm-up-the-top-20-3d-bioprinters.html put FABION on the list of world’s top 20 bioprinters.FABION has a total of 5 nozzles with programmable capacity for dispensing bioink and biopaper. Three nozzles are for dispensing bioink. Spheroids of any type or size as well as various cells suspensions or other materials can be loaded into each of these three nozzles. For each nozzle it is possible to set the number of tissue spheroids to be dispensed, thickness of printed layer as well as other process parameters. The other two nozzles are of a different design as they are for biopaper. Biopaper can be applied by pulverisation or dispensing.
The software developed for the bioprinter is compatible with various 3D modelling programs and support different file formats of polygonal modelling. To launch the process of bioprinting certain parameters need to be fed into the control software, the main ones being the following:
- Distance between the centers of the spheroids; positioning of spheroids in the coordinate grid; distances between the positions of the nozzles along X, Y and Z axes; nozzle movement sequence (motion of each nozzle loaded with certain material must be set for each cell in the coordinate grid).
- Speed.
- Volumes of biopaper and bioink to be dispensed, all necessary parameters for the bioprinter’s X-Y-Z positioning system. In addition, it is possible to enter a broad range of input data, such as, for example, time and intensity of the UV radiation source.
It is designed for printing live and functional 3D tissue and organ constructs..
The original design and engineering solutions embodied in the bioprinter are based on the specifics of the proprietary 3D bioprinting technology. In several features, FABION is superior to commercially available bioprinters.
The following are the main advantages and distinguishing features of FABION:
- Multifunctionality.FABION supports all known methods and techniques of 3D bioprinting.
- It is fitted with aunique devicefor polymerization of hydrogels (biopaper) that uses UV radiation, thus not coming in direct contact with spheroids and cells and not damaging cell DNA, in contrast to other engineering solutions of polymerization systems implemented in the existing commercial bioprinters.
- Flexibility:the possibility of combining different methods of bioprinting, methods of application and materials. Further enhancing the equipment’s flexibility is a wide range of programmable and software controlled parameters of bioprinting.
- Precision.The printing resolution of the bioprinter meets the highest ISO standards.
- Х-Y-Z positioning system has a feedback featureallowing bioprinter nozzle positioning accuracy of 5 micrometers, thus ensuring a very precise reproduction of the programmed digital model.
- Compactness.Г-shaped design of the bioprinter’s printing system allows for sufficient space to accommodate nozzles.
- Control.3D bioprinting is controlled in the real time mode with the help of an in-built digital camera.
Method’s potential
Nonmedical applications of bioprinting include the creation of 3D functional models of human tissues and organs for toxicological, pharmacological and radiological studies as well as for in vitro and in vivo simulation of human diseases. Bioprinting technology can be used for industrial-scale environment-fiendly production of meat, leathers or furs without killing animals unlike the conventional farming and food industry methods and techniques.