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SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are special antibodies that function to prevent SARS CoV-2 from binding to the ACE2 receptor of human cells. High levels of nAbs indicate immunity against COVID-19. Standard IgG/IgM antibody tests – which are universally available – do not detect for nAbs and can only provide an indirect indication for immunity. A SARS-CoV-2 nAb test can be used to monitor immunization against COVID-19, evaluate vaccine efficacy across vaccinated patients, and assess recovering patients.

SARS-CoV-2 antigens refer to nucleoproteins that pertain specifically to the virus. SARS-CoV-2 test detects the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from part of the upper respiratory tract swab specimens by identifying antigens pertaining to SARS-CoV-2. The test identifies current infection during the acute phase of COVID-19, while the virus is still present in large quantities in the respiratory tract. The SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test is a reliable, rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of specific antigens of SARS-CoV-2 present in the human nasopharynx.